Machine and method for electric heating for upsetting and forming



E. RIEMENSCHNEIDER. MACHINE AND METHOD FOR ELECTRIC HEATING FOR UPSETTING AND FORMING.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 1 I920.

PatentedNov. 16,1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

IN! 'ENTOR ITTORNIJY E. RIEMENSCHNEIDER.

MACHINE AND METHOD FOR ELECTRIC HEATING FDR UPSETTING AND FORMING.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 1. I920.

Patented Nov. 16, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- [NI 'ENTOR.

.4 TTORNEI UNITED STATES nannsr nmnnnscnnmnn, or maximum razax, mcmom, assrcnon. T

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DELAWARE, F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MACHmE AND METHOD FOR ELECTRIC HEATDTG FOB UPSE'ITING FORMING,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 16, 1920.

Application filed 'June 7, 1920. Serial No. 888,957.

T 0 all whom it ma-y concern:

'Be it known that I, Emmsr Rmmm- SCHNEIDER, a citizen'of the United States% residing at Hi hland Park, in the county 0 Wayne and gtate of Michigan, have invented new and useful Im rovements in Machinesand Methods for E ectric Heating for Upsetting and Forming, of which the following is'a specification.

The object of my invention is'to provide an improved machine and method for electric heating for upsetting of simple, durable and inexpensive construction.v

' A further ob'ect of my invention is to provide means or heatingmetallic articles by electricity so that they may be shaped for a particular pu1 ose, such for instance as upsetting one en to form a head.

' A further ob'ect of my invention is to provide means or heating the portion onl of the object, which is to be upset or former so that the balance of the object may be shaped and finished to a desired dimension prior to the shaping orups'etting thereof.

A furtl'i'er object of my invention is to provide means for uniformly heating throughout its length, or substantially uniformly heating, that portion of the object which is to be upset or formed.

A further object of my invention is to provide a machine for accomplishin the foregoing ob'ect comprisinga pair 0 electrodes one of which is adapted to inclose the portion of the object which is not r of moving the'ob I invention consists in the arrangement, com-v ISO to be-heated, to provide means for causing it to grasp and release the object, to provide means for bring towardand from each other for the purpose 'ect intoand out of contact with the second e ectrode, to provide adjustableimeans on the second electrode for cans-.

mg a maximum amount of contact between the ob'ect and the electrode, and aunitar controllin lever structureada ted to bet close the first electrode, bring t e electrodes together, and to switch on the current through these electrodes and the object.

With these and other objects in view, my

bination and construction of the various arts of my improved device, as described n the specification, claimed in my claims,

asp or.

ing the electrodes proved device.

1g. is a vertical sectional viewtaken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

5 1g. 3 is a front elevation of the-device, an

Fig. 4 .is.a vertical, sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Referring to the accompanying drawings I have use the reference numeral 10 to indicate generally the base of my improved device, adjacent to which is supported a transformer 11, which is of ordinary constructlon and adapted to furnish current of sufficient amperage to furnish the heating necessary for the object which is to be heated. Extended forwardly from the transformer 11 are conductors 12 and 13.

In this instance the conductors 12 and 13 are llustrated as being formed from alarge number of contiguous copper strips in order that maximum conductivity may be secured m proportion to the size of the. conductors. The forward end of the conductor 12 is secured by bolts 14 and a late 15 to an electrode 16 which is adjustabl mounted on one end of the base 10. In t is connection it will be understood that either the base 10 or a plate 17 should be composed of insulat 1 material to insulate the electrode 16.

, e electrode 16 preferably has a countersunkport on or recess 18 ad acent to its upper, inner eldlge which is adapted to receive a nut 19.

from the electrode 16 within the recess 18 and ma be held from rotation on the bolt by a l nut 21 and washer 22.

The electrode 16 may, if desired, be adjustably mounted to reciprocate on'the base 10 withinguide members 23, which are fixed to the base at either side thereof. The electrodemay be locked from movement in the ides -23by tightening the bolts 24 against is see 'des to thereby'tighten them against the ate 17. g

6 forward end of the conductor 13 is secured by'bolts 25 and a plate 26 through a vertical flange 27 of a plate 28. Plate 28 is mounted to reciprocate on a line parallel e nut 19 is rotatably mounted .on a bolt 20 which is extended upwardly with the axes of the guides 23 in a groove 29 in the base 10. Guides 30 may be ti htened against the plate 28 to either 100 it from movement or to take up the wear thereon due to moving of the plate within the recess 29.

Fixed to the upper portion of the flange 27 is an electrode member 32 which has a vertical opening therethrough. An extension 33 is rojected upwardly and rearwardly from t e upright flange 27 and supports a pivot 34 upon which is mounted the rear end of the second section 35 of my second elec- The member 35 has a recess 36 theretrode. in designed to loosely receive a bar 37 or actuating rod which is pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis within the recess 36 at 38.

From the construction of the parts just described it will'beseen that reciprocation of the actuating rod 37 will cause a similar movement of the section 35 due to the fact that the rear end of this section is pivoted at 34 to the bracket 35. 'In this connection it will be noted that this pivotal mounting is allowed sufficient play to compensate for the direction of movement of the rod 37. This rod 37 is loosely received in the member 32 to ermit vertical movement. The member 35 is electrically connected to the conductor 13 by flexible conducting strips 39so that movement of the member 35 will not efiect the electrical connection of that member with the transformer. Members 40 and 41 are detachably mounted respectively in the lower and upper surfaces of the members 35 and 32 by means of plates 42 which are secured to the members 35 and 32 by bolts 43. The members 40 and 41 have corresponding sockets therein whereby when they are brought together an object may be inclosed within the said sockets. These members are also formed of a different material in certain instances from the material in the members 32 and 35. In this connection it will be noted that the members 35 and 40 and the members 32 and 41 form respective sections of the electrode connected with the -conductor 13.

For moving the sections of this electrode to and from each other the following means are provided. A plate 44 is bolted to the base 10 and extends upwardly from the rear edge thereof. A lever 45 has a ball indirated by the dotted lines 46 which is received within a corresponding socket in the plate 43. This lever is "connected with the 0 erating rod 37 by a pin 47 to permit s11 ht universal movement. At the forward e e of the base 10 a plate 48 is secured by bolts 4.9 and provided with a slot 50 designed to receive the lever 45. The slot 50 is arranged with its center-line curved upwardly from the left-hand of the slot toward the righthand end of the slot. If, then, thelever 45 be moved from left to right in the slot, it

tween the ball 46 an ortion of the lever bethe late 48 will move from left to right and wi 1 also raise somewhat; As this portionof the lever is connected to the actuatin rod 37 it will'be seen that the actuating rod 37 will also move to the right and upwardly when the lever is similar y moved. Due to the fact that the actuating rod is passed through both secwill be seen that the tions of the electrodes and to the fact that it is pivotally connected to .the upper section as compared with slidably mounted in the lower section, it will be seen that such movement of the actuating rod will move simultaneously both sections of the electrode toward the ri ht and also move the up er section upwar 1y. It will also be seen t at movement of the lever from the upper end of the slot 50 to the lower end will have the effect of simultaneously movin both the electrode members to the left an of closing them together. 1

Means are mounted on the lever 45 for switching the current on throu h the electrodes comprising a shell 51 w ich is connected by a rod 52 to a switch 53 which in turn is connected into the transformer circuit.

In the practice of my invention a clamp ma be used to clamp or hold one end of the article which is to'be formed and then the electrodes brought to position bearing against opposite sides of the articles adjacentto the end thereof to heat the portion only of the article which is between the electrode so that that ortion of the article may be, when heate given a desired form by the means of a die which is either ressed against the heated metal or caused to impact against the heated metal.

In the practical operation of my im roved device it will be assumed that it is esired to form an object such as is illustrated at A in my drawings with an enlarged head. It will be understood that this device is ada ted for heating a portion of an object to 0 any form of upsetting but that I am here using the example of forming an enlargedhead for illustrative purposes only. The electrical current will be connected through the transformer 10 and arranged so that it may be opened. or closed by moving the shell 51 on the lever 45.- The object A is then placed within the recesses in the members 40 and 41 of the section of the electrode whereby the portion of the objects which is not to be heated will be wholly received within the electrodes. The lever 45 is then swung from the right-hand end of the slot 50 to the position, or substantially the position, illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, which will close together the sections of the electrode and cause the sockets therein to tightly receive the adjacent portion of the object .A. Movement of this lever 45 to this position-also brings the end of the object A into contact with the nut 19, but the incline-of the slot 50 and sition of the electrode 16 should be such t at the sections improved device and find that I can readily will rip the object before the contact is comp ete. If then the shell 51 be operated to complete the circuit through the ortion of the object A, which is betweent e electrode, that portion, and that portion only, of the object will be heated to substantiall any desiredidegree of temperature, depend ent upon the stren h of the current and the tine which it is al owed to' How through the o 'ect. 4

n this-connection I have made a large number of experiments with the use of my heat .theportion ofjthc object between the electrodes to a] cherry red within a very small space oftime, then separate the electrodes and remove the object from between the electrodes with the bare hands, if care is taken to grasp the object by the end opposite the heated end. It will be noted that both ends of the object project from the sections'of the electrode, so that the unheated end may be grasped by the hand. This result not only facilitates the handling of the objects which are being heated but also enables me to machine and finish a bar, shackle, or the like, and .then form thereon the head or.other upset portion without affecting the finish of the remaining portion ofthe object. This is one of the most important advantages resulting from the use of my device as it is relatively easy to machine a long bar before it is cut into pieces and upset, while on the other hand it is both diflicult and expensive to machine the portion of an object adjacent to the upset portion thereof.

It has heretofore been noted that the pieces 40 and 41 are separable from the pieces 35 and 32 and that they are in certain instances composed of different material from that of the members 35 and 32. I have found that where there is a comparatively small amount of surface contact between the object and the fixed electrode 16, there is a tendency for the object to fuse at the point of contact with the fixed electrode due to the relatively greater resistance resulting from both the poor contact and small cross-sectional area of conductor. This difficulty may be obviated in my improved device by making the movable, members 40 and 41 of such'material that'the resistance on the side of the split electrode will be substantially equal to the resistance to the oint of contact with the fixed electrode. structio'n I have found by repeated experiments that I am able to secure a substaw tially uniform heatin of the object between the two electrodes. t will also be noted that I have 50 arranged the fixed electrodes means for slidabl y this con- 1 the electrodes. The advantages resulting from the use of my improved device therefore consist in a large saving in both labor and machinery for machine work and economy in upsetting articles on a production basis.

Some changes may be made in the arrangement and construction of the various parts of my improved device without departing from the spirit of the invention therein and it is my intention to cover by my claims such changes as may be reasonably included within the scope thereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. The method of electrical heating for upsettin consisting of extending a portion of the o between electrodes, composed of metals having relatively difl'erent resistances, whereby the heating of the object may be substantially uniform between the electrodes. 1

2. The method of electrical heating for u settin consisting of placing a portion a o the o ject in one electrode and bringing a portion of the object against another electrode, the rst electrode having a conductivity relatively diiferentfrom that of the second whereby only the portion of the object between the electrodes may be heated, and that ortion may be heated substantially uni ormly throughout its length.

3. n a device of the class described, a base, a fixed electrode mounted thereon, a movable member on said fixed electrode whereby the surface of said movable member may be adjusted to lay in a lurality of different planes, a split electrodii, means for moving the sections of the s lit electrodes toward and from each ot er, and mounting said s lit electrodes on the ase whereby said e ectrodes may be moved toward and from each other and a portion of the object grasped between the members of the split electrodes to thereb heat the portion only of the object whic is between the electrodes.

4., In a device of the class described, a base, a fixed electrode thereon, a pair of lates mounted res ectively on the back and rent of the base, it ever mounted for univer- Sal movement in one of said plates and extended through a slot in the second said slot being so arranged that the lever moving along said slot will travel both -said electrodes bein horizontally and verticallf, an electrode comprising two members 5 idably mounted on said base adjacent to said lever, and means for operatively connecting said lever with said split electrode members whereb movement of the lever in one direction wi 1 move' the entire electrode on movement of the lever in a direction erpendicular thereto and will se arate an bring together the members of t e electrode.

5. In a device of the class described, a base, a pair of electrodes thereon, one of ing said electrodes with said lever whereby movement of the lever in one direction may separate both the electrodes and thesections of the divided electrode, and movement of the lever in the opposite directionmay bring together the sections of the divided electrode and the electrodes themselves. a

6. In a device of the class described, a base, a pair of electrodes mounted thereon, one of said electrodes being divided into sec tions and a lever, means for operatively connecting said lever with said electrodes whereby movement of said lever in 0 po site directions ma selectively move th the electrodes and t ie sections of the divided electrode ,toward and from each other, and means mounted on said lever for o ning and closing the circuit through'sai electrodes.

7. The method of electrical heating for upsetting, consisting of extending an object between electrodes composed of metals hav= ing relatively difierent resistances, whereby divided into sections, a lever, and means or operatively connectx 4 trodes are brought tow that the movable e ectifode mayhemoved so that one of its" surfaces "lie in a plane arallel to the plane in which the end of \suc each other to complete the circuit. s j, v

9. In a device of'theclassdescribed, a pair of electrodes movableltowardand from each other to therebyzepmplete a circuit through the electrodes andaa" object placed between them, and meansffor ad usting the position of the contacting face ofa't least onefof said electrodes so that said contacting' face may lie in a planeparallel to the contacting portion of theYobJectPlaced between said electrodes. 1; a

'10; In a device of. he class deseribed, a base, a pair'of electrodes mounted thereon, one of said electrodes being divided into sections a lever, and'means forfoperatively connecting said lever with said electrpdes whereby movementof said lever in opposite direction ma selectively move both the 70 electrodes an the sections of the divided electrode toward and from each other.

ERNEST masss'cfimm.

an object-mayfllie when the elec- 

